A report by the United Nations present the following key messages pertaining to the recent trends in hunger and food security:
1) After decades of steady decline, the trend in world hunger – as measured by the prevalence of undernourishment – reverted in 2015, remaining virtually unchanged in the past three years at a level slightly below 11 percent. Meanwhile, the number of people who suffer from hunger has slowly increased. As a result, more than 820 million people in the world are still hungry today, underscoring the immense challenge of achieving the Zero Hunger target by 2030.

2) This recent trend is confirmed by estimates of severe food insecurity in the world based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), which is another way to monitor hunger.
3) Hunger is on the rise in almost all subregions of Africa, the region with the highest prevalence of undernourishment, at almost 20 percent. It is also rising slowly in Latin America and the Caribbean, although the prevalence there is still below 7 percent. In Asia, where undernourishment affects 11 percent of the population, Southern Asia saw great progress in the last five years but is still the subregion with the highest prevalence of undernourishment, at almost 15 percent, followed by Western Asia at over 12 percent, where the situation is worsening.
4) Estimates of SDG Indicator 2.1.1. “Prevalence of undernourishment (PoU)," which monitors progress towards the target of ensuring access to food for all, reveal that a total of about 2 billion people in the world experience some level of food insecurity, including moderate. People who are moderately food insecure may not necessarily suffer from hunger, but they lack regular access to nutritious and sufficient food, putting them at greater risk of various forms of malnutrition and poor health.
5) This new indicator also reveals that even in high-income countries, sizeable portions of the population lack regular access to nutritious and sufficient food; 8 percent of the population in Northern America and Europe is estimated to be food insecure, mainly at moderate levels.
6) In every continent, the prevalence of food insecurity is slightly higher among women than men, with the largest differences found in Latin America.
The main indicator for monitoring progress on the eradication of hunger in the world reported in the report is the prevalence of undernourishment, or PoU (SDG Indicator 2.1.1). Beginning in 2017, the prevalence of severe food insecurity based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) was also included in the report as another, complementary indicator of hunger using a different approach. This year's report now takes a step forward by also reporting, for the first time, estimates of the prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity based on the FIES (SDG Indicator 2.1.2). This indicator provides a perspective on global food insecurity relevant for all countries of the world: one that looks beyond hunger towards the goal of ensuring access to nutritious and sufficient food for all.


Source: The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World: Safeguarding against economic slowdowns and downturns. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Rome 2019.